PAST PERFECT TENSE
Rumus Past Perfect Tense
Past perfect tense dibentuk dengan auxiliary verb “had”, dan past participle (verb-3). Had digunakan baik untuk singular maupun plural subject. Sedangkan past participledibentuk dengan menambahkan -ed, -en, -d, -t, -n, atau -ne pada base form berupa regular verb. Pada base form berupa irregular verb, bentuk past participle tidak konsisten.
Berikut rumus past perfect tense untuk kalimat positif, negatif, dan interogatif.
| Rumus Past Perfect Tense | Contoh Past Perfect Tense |
|---|---|
kalimat positif (+):
S + had + past participle (V-3)
| My brother had slept |
| They had come | |
kalimat negatif (-):
S + had + not + past participle (V-3)
| My brother hadn’t slept |
| They hadn’t come | |
kalimat interogatif (?):
had + S + past participle (V-3)
| Had my brother slept |
| Had they come |
Fungsi dan Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense
- Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan aksi di masa lampau yang telah selesai terjadi sebelum past event lainnya. Subordinate conjunction yang dapat digunakan antara lain:
- after (simple past tense + after + past perfect tense)
- before, by the time, when (past perfect tense + before / by the time / when + simple past tense)
Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense
| 1 | When he came last night, the cake had run out. (Ketika dia datang semalam, kue sudah habis.) |
| 2 | The student had gotten a verbal warning before his parents were called. (Siswa tersebut telah mendapat peringatan verbal sebelum orangtuanya ditelepon.) |
| 3 | I had already eaten breakfast by the time he picked me up. (Saya telah sarapan ketika dia menjemput.) |
| 4 | Prior to the proclamation, Indonesia had been colonized by Japan for 3 years. (Sebelum proklamasi, Indonesia telah dijajah Jepang selama 3 tahun.) |
- Past perfect tense untuk menunjukkan seberapa sering sesuatu terjadi di masa lampau. Time expression (keterangan waktu) yang sering digunakan yaitu frasa adverbial of number. Berikut beberapa contohnya.
- twice / two times / three times + before + simple past tense / participle (phrase): twice before getting married (dua kali sebelum menikah), two times before they got married (dua kali sebelum mereka menikah), three times before I read his review (tiga kali sebelum saya membaca tinjauannya)
- every day / every two days / every other day until 2012 (setiap hari / setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012)
- every summer until 2000 (setiap musim panas hingga tahun 2000)
| 1 | I had read the book three times before I read his review. (Saya telah membaca buku itu tiga kali sebelum saya membaca ulasannya.) |
| 2 | They had met twice before married. (Mereka bertemu dua kali sebelum menikah.) |
| 3 | Yulia had been to the gym every two days until 2012. (Yulia telah pergi ke gym setiap dua hari sampai tahun 2012.) |
- Past perfect tense digunakan pada reported speech setelah verb
- said
- told
- asked
- thought
- wondered
| 1 | He said that he had listened carefully the instruction. (Dia mengatakan bahwa dia telah mendengarkan instruksi dengan penuh perhatian.) |
| 2 | I thought he had changed to be better man. (Saya pikir dia telah berubah menjadi pria yang lebih baik.) |
- Past perfect tense untuk mengekspresikan harapan atau impian yang tidak kesampaian melalui conditional sentence tipe 3.
if + past perfect tense + would/should/could/might + have + past participle
Contoh Kalimat Past Perfect Tense
| 1 | If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party. (Jika kamu ingat mengundang saya, saya akan hadir di pestamu.) |
| 2 | Rina would have been the same level with me if she had studied harder. (Rina akan berasa pada level yang sama dengan saya jika dia belajar lebih keras.) |







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